初二英語（下）

【知識(shí)梳理】

I. 重點(diǎn)短語

1. on time

2. out of

3. all by oneself

4. lots of

5. no longer

6. get back

7. sooner or later

8. run away

9. eat up

10. take care of

11. turn off

12. turn on

13. after a while

14. make faces

15. teach oneself

16. fall off

17. play the piano

18. knock at

19. to one's surprise

20. look up

21. enjoy oneself

22. help yourself

23. tell a story / stories

24. leave....behind ……

25. come along

26. hold a sports meeting

27. be neck and neck

28. as ... as

29. not so / as ... as

30. do one's best

31. take part in

32. a moment late

33. Bad luck!

34. fall behind

35. high jump

36. long jump

37. relay race

38. well done!

39. take off

40. as usual

41. a pair of

42. at once

43. hurry off

44. come to oneself

45. after a while

46. knock on

47. take care of

48. at the moment

49. set off

50. here and there

51. on watch

52. look out

53. take one’s place

II. 重要句型

1. We’d better not do sth.

2. leave one. oneself

3. find one’s way to a place

4. stand on one’s head

5. make sb. Happy

6. catch up with sb.

7. pass on sth. to somebody

8. spend time doing sth.

9. go on doing sth.

10. get on well with sb.

11. be angry with sb.

12. be fed up with sth.

13. not…until…

14. make room for sb.

III. 交際用語

1. We’re all by ourselves.

2. I fell a little afraid.

3. Don’t be afraid.

4. Help!

5. Can’t you hear anything?

6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.

7. Maybe it’s a tiger.

8. Let’s get it back before they eat thefood.

9. Did she learn all by herself?

10. Could she swim when she was …years old?

11. She didn’t hurt herself.

12. He couldn’t buy himself many nicethings.

13. Did he enjoy himself?

14. Help yourselves.

15. Bad luck!

16. Come on!

17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!

18. It must be very interesting.

19. I don’t think you’ll like it.

20. It seems to be an interesting book.

21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’mnot sure what to…

22. I hope so.

23. What was he/she drawing when…?

24. I’m sorry to trouble you.

25. Would you please…?

26. What were you doing at ten o’clockyesterday morning?

27. You look tired today.

28. You’d better go to bed early tonight,if you can.

29. How kind!

30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause anaccident.

31. It’s really nice of you.

32. Don’t mention it.

33. Don’t crowd around him.

IV. 重要語法

1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用掌逛；

2. 反身代詞的用法；

3. 并列句聚假；

4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)漂辐；

5. 冠詞的用法其屏；

6. 動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；

【名師講解】

1. bring/take

Bring表示“帶來、拿來”尸昧，指從別處朝說話人所在或?qū)⒃诘牡胤健皫怼⒛脕怼笨醭ァ６鴗ake則表示“拿去烹俗、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反萍程，指從說話人所在地“拿走衷蜓、帶走”。如：

Bring me the book, please. 把那本書給我拿來尘喝。

Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物磁浇。

2. somebody/ anybody/nobody

一般說來，somebody用于定句朽褪，anybody用于否定句置吓、疑問句和條件狀語從句。例如：

Somebody came to see you when you were out.你出來時(shí)有人來見你缔赠。

Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎衍锚？

I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰也沒看見。

Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see

anybody. 別讓任何人進(jìn)來嗤堰。我太忙戴质，誰也不想見。

There is nobody in the room. 房間里沒人踢匣。

Nobody told me that you were ill, so I

didn't know about it .誰也沒告訴我你病了所以我不知道告匠。

3. listen, listen to, hear

這三個(gè)詞意思都是“聽”，但是它們的用法不完全相同离唬。它們的區(qū)別在于：

(1)listen 只用于不及物動(dòng)詞后专，后面接人或人物做賓語，著重于“傾聽”输莺，指的是有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作戚哎，至于是否聽到裸诽，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如：

Listen! Someone is singing in the

classroom. 聽型凳！有人在教室唱歌丈冬。

(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語甘畅，這里的to是介詞殷蛇。如：

Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽輕音樂嗎？

(3)hear 可用作及物動(dòng)詞橄浓，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞粒梦，意思是“聽到、聽見”荸实，指用耳朵聽到了某個(gè)聲音匀们，表示無意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，著重于聽的能力和結(jié)果准给。如：We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽泄朴。She listens but hears nothing.她聽了聽，但是什么也沒有聽見露氮。

4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little

(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞祖灰，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；都表示許多畔规。例如：

He has many books.他有許多書局扶。He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。

(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點(diǎn)兒"叁扫，側(cè)重于肯定三妈，相當(dāng)于"some"，但a few修飾可數(shù)名詞莫绣，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞畴蒲，例如：He has a few friends in

London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。

Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a

little.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎对室？好的模燥，只要一點(diǎn)。

(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒有"掩宜，側(cè)重否定蔫骂。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞锭亏。例如：

He is a strange man. He has few words.他是個(gè)怪人纠吴，他幾乎不說什么話。

Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快慧瘤，沒什么時(shí)間了戴已。

5. either/ neither/ both

either可作形容詞，一般指"兩者中的任何一個(gè)"锅减。有時(shí)也可表示"兩個(gè)都……"的意思糖儡，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式；neither: 指兩者中沒有一個(gè)怔匣，全否定握联；both: 指兩者都，肯定每瞒。句中可作主語金闽、賓語和定語，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式剿骨。如：Neither of the films

is good.兩部電影都不好代芜。（沒有一部是好的）Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯(cuò)。（謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)）Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個(gè)老師都常常解答問題浓利。

6. take part in/join

take part in參加某種活動(dòng); join參加挤庇，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：Can you take part in my party.你能來參加我的派對(duì)嗎贷掖？We often take part in many school activities.我們經(jīng)常參加學(xué)校里的一些活動(dòng)嫡秕。He joined the party

in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。My little brother joined the

army last year. 我小弟去年參的軍苹威。

7. quite/ rather/ very

(1)quite 表示程度“很昆咽，十分，完全地”牙甫，“相當(dāng)”潮改。如：She is quite right.她對(duì)極了。

That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的腹暖。

(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當(dāng)”汇在，比預(yù)想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下脏答。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當(dāng)冷糕殉。

(3)very 表示程度“很，甚殖告，極其阿蝶，非常”黄绩，用于修飾形容詞或副詞羡洁，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下爽丹。應(yīng)注意“a very +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中筑煮，"a"應(yīng)置于"very"之前辛蚊，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個(gè)月是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間真仲。It's a very nice day /

quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好袋马。

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用；

2. 反身代詞的用法秸应；

3. 并列句虑凛；

4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)；

5. 冠詞的用法软啼；

6. 動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)桑谍；

7. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型祸挪；

8. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語锣披。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空匕积、短文填空和完成句子盈罐。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年江西省中考試題)

?---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

?---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my friend’s home.

? A.have? B. had? C. was having?D. have had

【解析】答案：C。該提考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)闪唆。表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)盅粪。

2. (2004年北京市中考試題)

?---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or the earth? ---Of course themoon is.

? A.small? B. smaller? C. smallest?D. the smallest

【解析】答案：D。該提考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)悄蕾。三者進(jìn)行比較票顾，其中最小的應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，而形容詞最高級(jí)之前必須加頂冠詞the帆调。

3. (2004年河北省中考試題)

? Bobnever does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

? A.so careful as? B. as carefully as? C. carefully as? D. as careful as

【解析】答案：B奠骄。該提考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別》空白處所缺的詞是修飾動(dòng)詞短語does

his homework的含鳞，應(yīng)該用副詞。另外芹务，表示“某人做事不如某人細(xì)心”應(yīng)用“not as carefully as”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)蝉绷。

4. (2004年吉林省中考試題)

?---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.

?---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.

? A.and? B. or? C. so?D. but

? 【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是連接并列句的并列連詞的選擇枣抱。And通常連接兩個(gè)意思一致的并列句熔吗，so連接兩個(gè)有因果關(guān)系的并列句，but連接兩個(gè)有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句佳晶，or相當(dāng)于if not意思是“否則”桅狠。

初三年級(jí)（上）

【知識(shí)梳理】

I. 重點(diǎn)短語

1. at the moment????

2. used to

3. for a while

4. walk away with sth.

5. leave for some place

6. sooner or later

7. pay for

8. come up with an idea

9. think of

10. have a try

11. all over the world

12. be famous for

13. large numbers of

14. all the year round

15. no matter what

16. give up

17. for example

18. by the way

19. on business

20. so far

21. come true

22. set off

23. slow down

24. go on doing

25. wait for

26. be proud of

27. be afraid of

28. speak highly of

29. a year and a half

30. half a year

31. pick up

32. as soon as

33. keep… clean

34. take care of

35. cut down

36. make a contribution to

37. base on

38. make sure

39. take away

40. begin with

41. right now

42. as soon as possible

43. leave a message

44. all kinds of things

45. walk around

46. fall asleep

47. wake up

48. go on a trip

49. have a good time

50. take photos

51. come out

52. come on

53. have a family meeting

54. talk about

55. go for a holiday

56 go scuba diving

57. write down

58. by oneself

59. walk along

60. get a chance to do sth

61. have a wonderful time

62. book a room

63. have an accident

64. be interested in

65. use sth. to do sth.

66. make a TV show

67. be amazed at

68. take part in

69. feed on

70. get out of

II. 重要句型

1. Why don’t you do sth.???????

2. make sb. Happy

3. borrow sth. from sb.????????

4. forget to do sth.

5. pay fro sth.???????????????

6. return sth. To sb.

7. learn sth. from sb.??????????

8. be famous for sth.

9. No matter what…?????????

10. be with sb.

11. go on doing sth.???????????

12. speak highly of sb.

13. keep doing sth.????????????

14. allow sb. To do sth.

15. encourage sb. to do sth.????? 16. It is said that…

III. 交際用語

1. --- Excuse me, have you got …?

--- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)

2. --- Why don’t you …?

--- Thanks, I will.

3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)

--- You are welcome.

4. --- Have you ever done…?

--- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)

5. --- I’ve just done…

--- Really?

6. ---What’s …like ?

7. --- How long have you been…?

--- Since…

8. --- Have you ever been to…?

--- I’ve never been there. (None of ushas./ Only …h(huán)as. )

9. --- Would you like to have a try?

--- I don’t think I can…

10. --- What have you done since…?

11. --- How long have you been at this …?

--- For…

12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…?

--- She’s / He’s worked there for… / allher / his life.

13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.

14. --- May I help you?

15. --- That’s very kind of you.

16. ---Could we go scuba diving?

17. --- Could you tell us how long we’regoing to be away?

18. --- Let’s try to find some informationabout it, OK?

19. --- Could you please tell me how tosearch the Internet?

20. --- Go straight along here.

21. ---Please go to Gate 12.

22. --- Please come this way.

23. --- Could you tell me what you thinkabout Hainan Island?

24. --- That sounds really cool!

IV. 重要語法

1. 賓語從句

2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

3. 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較：

【名師講解】

1. Maybe/ may be

(1) maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”中跌，常用作狀語咨堤。例如： Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了∩顾“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.”?? “他明天來嗎吱型？”“也許不”逸贾。

(2) may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與be動(dòng)詞搭配一起作謂語陨仅，意思是“也許是…，可能是…”铝侵。

例如：It may be

9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點(diǎn)到達(dá)灼伤。The man may be a lawyer. 那人也許是律師。

2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use

(1) borrow表示的是從別人那里借來東西咪鲜，即我們通常所說的“借進(jìn)來”狐赡。例如：We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書館借書。I borrowed this

dictionary from my teacher. 我從老師那兒借來了這本字典疟丙。

borrow是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作颖侄，因此不能與時(shí)間段連用。

例如：You can

borrow my recorder for three days. ( 錯(cuò)誤 )I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 錯(cuò)誤)

(2) lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人享郊，即我們通常所說的“借出去”。例如：Thank you for lending me your

bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。He

often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟讼油。

?lend與borrow一樣厅翔，也是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，不能與一段時(shí)間連用苔咪。

(3) keep的意思也是“借”锰悼，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間团赏，因此可以與時(shí)間段連用箕般。例如：You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機(jī)你可以借用三天。

I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我才剛借了一星期舔清。

(4) use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講丝里，但它的本意是“用，使用”鸠踪。例如：May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎丙者？He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。

3. leave/ leave for

(1) leave意思是“離開营密，留下”械媒。例如：We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。

?? Heleft his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機(jī)落在出租車?yán)锪恕?/p>

(2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地纷捞。例如：We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏痢虹。The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。

4. since/ for

(1) since用于完成時(shí)態(tài)主儡，既能用作介詞奖唯，也能用作連詞，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)糜值，意思是“自從”丰捷。例如：

He has been a worker since he came into

this city.自從他來到這個(gè)城市，他就是工人了寂汇。

I have never seen him since we last met in

Shanghai .自從我們上次在上海見過之后我再也沒見過他病往。

since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思骄瓣。例如：Since you are interested in it, just do it.?? 既然你對(duì)它感興趣停巷，那就做吧。 You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課榕栏，就開心玩會(huì)兒吧畔勤。

(2) for用于完成時(shí)，用作介詞扒磁，后常接一段時(shí)間庆揪，意思是“經(jīng)過…”。例如： I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語了渗磅。They have waited for you

for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了嚷硫。

for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因?yàn)椤笔加恪＠纾?They missed the flight for they

were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班仔掸。He

fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。

5. neither/ either/ both

(1) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定医清，意思為“兩者都不”起暮，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如：Neither of

the boys is from England.這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國(guó)。I know neither of them. 他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)会烙。

neither用作形容詞负懦，也修飾單數(shù)名詞，意思與作代詞時(shí)相同柏腻；用作連詞時(shí)纸厉，一般與nor搭配，表示“既不…也不”五嫂。作主語時(shí)颗品，謂語動(dòng)詞也遵循就近原則肯尺。例如：She neither ate nor drank

yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。Neitherhe nor we play football on Sundays.?? 他和我們星期天都不踢球躯枢。

(2) either作代詞時(shí)则吟，是指兩者中的任意一方,(兩者之)每一個(gè)，故作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

例如：Either of

the books is new.這兩本書任何一本都是新的.

She doesn’t like either of the films.這兩部電影她都不喜歡.

either作形容詞, 用來修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思與作介詞時(shí)相同.??

例如：Either schoolis near my home.?? (這兩所學(xué)校中的)任何一所學(xué)校都離我家很近.

Either question is difficult.兩個(gè)問題(中的任何一個(gè))都難.

either作連詞時(shí),一般與or搭配,表示兩者選其一锄蹂，意思是“不是…就是”氓仲。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則得糜。

Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是對(duì)的敬扛。

Either my sister or my parents are coming

to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要來看我。

(3) both作代詞時(shí)掀亩，指的是所涉及到的“兩者都”, 故作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式舔哪。

I like both of the stories.這兩個(gè)故事我都喜歡欢顷。Both of my parents are

teachers.我父母兩人都是老師槽棍。

both作形容詞時(shí)，用來修飾兩者,意思與作代詞時(shí)相同.Both

his arms are hurt.他的兩只胳膊都受傷了抬驴。

Both these students are good at English. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都擅長(zhǎng)英語炼七。

both用作連詞時(shí)，多與and搭配布持，表示“既…又, 不僅…而且”, 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式豌拙。

Both piano and violin are my bobbies.鋼琴和小提琴都是我的愛好。

They study both history and physics. 他們既學(xué)歷史题暖，又學(xué)物理按傅。

6. find/look for/ find out

(1) find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果，意思是“找到”胧卤。此外還有“發(fā)現(xiàn)唯绍，發(fā)覺”的意思，后可接賓語從句枝誊。

例如：Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不著帽子了况芒。Have you found your lost

keys? 你找到丟失的鑰匙了嗎？

He found the lights were on along the

street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)沿街的燈都亮了

(2) look for的意思為“尋找”叶撒，指的是找的動(dòng)作而非結(jié)果绝骚。另外，還有“盼望祠够，期待”的意思压汪。

例如：She is

looking for her son.她正在找她的兒子。We’ve been

looking for the car since early this morning.我們從今天一大早就開始找這輛車了古瓤。I look for the coming holiday.我期待著即將來臨的假期止剖。

(3) find out含有經(jīng)過觀察、研究或探索而得知的意思，后常接較抽象的事物滴须，意思是“找出舌狗，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明（真相）”等扔水。例如： I can find out who took my money away.我能查出誰拿了我的錢痛侍。

Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能設(shè)法知道飛機(jī)何時(shí)到嗎？

7. forget to do/ forget doing

(1) forget to do是指忘記去做某件事了魔市，即該事還沒有做主届。例如： Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了給我打電話。I forgot to take some

small change with me.我身上忘了帶零錢了待德。

(2) forget doing是指忘記某件已經(jīng)做過的事情君丁，即該事已經(jīng)做了，但被忘記了将宪。例如：He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告訴過我地址了绘闷。They forgot having been here before.他們忘了以前曾來過這兒。

8. stop doing/ stop to do

(1) stop doing是指停止做某事较坛，即doing這個(gè)動(dòng)作不再繼續(xù)印蔗。例如：They stopped debating.他們停止了辯論。（不辯論了）He had to stop driving

as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通燈變成了紅色他不得不停車丑勤。

(2) stop to do是指停下來開始做另一件事华嘹，即停止原先的事，開始做do這個(gè)動(dòng)作法竞。

例如：She stopped

to have a rest.她停下來休息會(huì)兒耙厚。（開始休息）They stopped to talk.他們停下來開始交談。

9. except/ besides

(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”岔霸，可以理解為“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同薛躬。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。（他們激動(dòng)秉剑，而我卻不激動(dòng)）All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他以外的所有游客都是日本人泛豪。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）

(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”侦鹏，可以理解為“除之外…還诡曙、除之外…又”，表示兩部分的相似性略水。例如：Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外价卤，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)We like biology besides English.除了英語外渊涝，我們還喜歡生物慎璧。（生物和英語都喜歡）

besides還可用作副詞床嫌，意思是“此外；而且”胸私，常用于句首或句尾厌处。

例如：He is a

great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外岁疼，他還是一位政治家阔涉。

They encouraged me, and they supported me

with money, besides. 他們不僅鼓勵(lì)我，而且與我以金錢上的支持捷绒。

10. keep doing/ keep on doing

(1) keep doing指的是連續(xù)地瑰排、堅(jiān)持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷暖侨。例如：It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了椭住。The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。

(2) keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅(jiān)持做某事字逗，但動(dòng)作之間略有間隔京郑。例如：They have

kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后扳肛，他堅(jiān)持講話傻挂。

11. seem/ look

(1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎挖息、好象、看起來…”兽肤。例如：The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興套腹。He seemed to be sorry for

that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。

seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用资铡，而look不能电禀。例如：It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。

They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作笤休。

在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem尖飞。例如：It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來很忙。

It seems to us that there is nothing

serious.在我看來沒什么大不了的店雅。

(2) look用作“看起來政基；好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷闹啦，是以視覺所接受的印象為依據(jù)的沮明。

例如：The room

looks clean.這間房看起來很干凈。The

girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽窍奋。

12. such/ so

(1)such常用作形容詞荐健，用來修飾名詞酱畅。例如：Don’t be such a fool.別這么傻。

He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩江场。

(2) so是副詞纺酸，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。例如：He is so kind! 他真好心址否！??

Why did you come so late? 你為何回來得如此晚吁峻？

當(dāng)名詞前有many,

much, few, little等表示多、少時(shí)在张，應(yīng)該用so用含。

例如：He has so

many friends.他有如此多的朋友。? Only so little time is left!才剩這么一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間帮匾！

13. either/ too/ also

(1)either用作“也”時(shí)是副詞啄骇，常用于否定句句尾。

例如：She is not

a Japanese, I’m not,

either.她不是日本人瘟斜，我也不是缸夹。

My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。

(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問句尾螺句，表示“也”虽惭。

例如：He likes

China, too.他也喜歡中國(guó)。? Are you in Grade 3, too?你也在三年級(jí)嗎蛇尚？

(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問句芽唇，但一般位于句中。

例如：We are also

students.我們也是學(xué)生取劫。?? He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的匆笤。

Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎？

14. if/ whether

在下列情況下只能用whether而非if：

(1)與or not連用時(shí)谱邪，只能用whether.

We want to know whether you are ill or not.我們想知道你是否生病了炮捧。

Please tell me whether or not you have

finished your work.請(qǐng)告訴我們你是否完成了工作。

(2)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)惦银，只能用whether.

Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亞當(dāng)不知道是走還是留咆课。

He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進(jìn)晚餐。

(3)所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在主句之前時(shí)扯俱，只能用whether.

Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我們不在乎將要刮風(fēng)還是下雨书蚪。

Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。

(4)引導(dǎo)主語從句或表語從句時(shí)蘸吓，一般用whether.

The most important was whether they had

gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經(jīng)走了善炫。

Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會(huì)和我一起去還是個(gè)秘密。

if能引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句库继，表示“如果箩艺，假如”窜醉，而whether沒有此用法。

We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨艺谆，我們要進(jìn)行足球賽榨惰。

I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。

If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險(xiǎn)静汤，請(qǐng)撥打110琅催。

15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take

(1) cost一般用某物來做主語，表示“（某物）值…虫给、花費(fèi)…”藤抡，既能指花費(fèi)時(shí)間也能指金錢。

The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元抹估。

It will cost you a whole to read through

this book.通讀這本書將會(huì)花費(fèi)你整整一周時(shí)間缠黍。

cost 還可以用作名詞，表示“成本药蜻、費(fèi)用瓷式、價(jià)格、代價(jià)”等语泽。

What’s the cost of this TV set? 這臺(tái)電視機(jī)的成本是多少錢贸典？

They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。

(2) spend一般用某人來作主語踱卵，表示“（某人）花費(fèi)…廊驼，付出…”，也能指時(shí)間或金錢颊埃，指時(shí)間時(shí)常與　in搭配蔬充，指金錢時(shí)常與on或for搭配。

We spent two days in repairing this

machine.我們花了兩天時(shí)間修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器班利。

Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。

(3) pay用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)榨呆，一般也以某人作主語罗标，但一般指花錢、付款等积蜻，很少用來指花費(fèi)時(shí)間闯割。常與for搭配使用。例如：They

paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票竿拆。

He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學(xué)費(fèi)宙拉。

pay還可以用作名詞，意思為“薪水丙笋、工資”等谢澈。

It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去煌贴。

(4)take也指“花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、金錢)”锥忿，但通常用某事牛郑、某物做主語，或用形式主語it.

How long will the meeting take? 會(huì)議要開多久敬鬓？It took me several hours to

get there. 我花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)才到那兒淹朋。

16. bad/ badly

這兩個(gè)詞的意思含有“壞、糟钉答、嚴(yán)重”等意思础芍，且它們有共同的比較級(jí)worse和最高級(jí)worst 。

(1) bad是一個(gè)形容詞数尿，意思是“壞的仑性，糟糕的，差的砌创，嚴(yán)重的”虏缸。

例如：I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)壞人。I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害嫩实。

(2)badly是一個(gè)副詞,意思是“不好地刽辙，差”，也可以表示程度甲献，意為“嚴(yán)重地宰缤，非常，極度”晃洒。

例如：We need

help badly.我們急需幫助慨灭。His arm

was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴(yán)重受傷了。

17. interested/ interesting

(1) interested是指“對(duì)…產(chǎn)生興趣的球及，對(duì)…感興趣的”氧骤，一般用人做主語，后常用介詞in.

例如：He was

interested in biology before.他以前對(duì)生物感興趣吃引。 I’m not interested

in art.我對(duì)藝術(shù)不感興趣筹陵。

(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”，指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物镊尺。例如：

He is an interesting old man.他是個(gè)有趣的老頭朦佩。The interesting story

attracted me. 這個(gè)有趣的故事吸引了我。

18. dead/ die/ death/ dying

(1) dead是形容詞庐氮，意思為“死了的语稠、無生命的”，表示狀態(tài)弄砍，可以與一段時(shí)間連用仙畦。例如：

The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了输涕。The rabbits are all dead. 這些兔子都是死的。

(2) die是動(dòng)詞议泵，意思為“死占贫、死亡”，是一個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞先口，不能與一段時(shí)間連用型奥。例如：

My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。The old man died of

cancer.老人死于癌癥碉京。

(3) death是名詞厢汹，意思為“死亡、去世”等谐宙。

The memorial hall was built one year after

his death.他死后一年烫葬，紀(jì)念館建成了。

His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失凡蜻。

(4) dying 是die的現(xiàn)在分詞搭综，用作形容詞，意思是“垂死的划栓、即將死去的”兑巾。

The doctors have saved the dying man.醫(yī)生們救活了那個(gè)垂死的人。

The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了忠荞。

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序蒋歌；

2. 一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別；

3. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯委煤、短語和句型堂油；

4. 本單元學(xué)習(xí)的日常交際用語。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空碧绞、完型填空府框、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考范例】

1. （2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

---Do you know ________________?---Only tenmonths old.

A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing? B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing

C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing?? D. when Tiger Woods started golfing

【解析】答案：D讥邻。該題考查的是賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序寓免。這個(gè)賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)為這里說的是過去的事情计维。語序應(yīng)用陳述句的語序，所以正確答案是: when Tiger Woods started golfing撕予。

2. （2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題）

I’m interested in animals, so I_____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.

A. pay?B. get? C. take? D. spend

【解析】答案：D鲫惶。該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。只有動(dòng)詞spend可以用在sb. spends

time doing sth. 這個(gè)句型里实抡，所以正確答案影視spend欠母。

3. （2004年天津市中考試題）

???Could I ________ your telephone? I have something important to tell myparents.

???A. keep? B. borrow? C. use?D. lend

【解析】答案：C欢策。該題考查的是keep, borrow, use和lend四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。keep的真正含義是“保留”赏淌，borrow的含義是“借入”踩寇，lend的含義是“借出”，只有use的含義是“使用”六水。在這個(gè)句子里實(shí)際上是“使用”的意思俺孙，所以應(yīng)選use。

4. （2004年鄂州市中考試題）

???---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need his help.

? ??---He left home two weeks ago and________away ever since.

???A. is? B. was? C. has been?D. had been

【解析】答案：C掷贾。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法區(qū)別睛榄。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)；一般過去時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去所處的狀態(tài)想帅；過去完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作或過去的時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的事情场靴；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或剛剛結(jié)束。這里只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)港准。

初三年級(jí)（中）

【知識(shí)梳理】

I. 重點(diǎn)短語

1. give up

2. try out

3. most of

4. not…any more

5. at the age of

6. at that time

7. send message by telegraph

8. graduate from

9. turn down

10. put up

11. at the top of

12. get together

13. from house to house

14. at the end of

15. on top of

16. as well

17. climb down

18. in a single night

19. even though

20. live on

21. once upon a time

22. according to

23. keep warm

24. on the other hand

25. on show

26. on display

27. in the future

28. look up

29. Tree Planting Day

30. just right

31. as often as possible

32. wash away

33. in this way

34. in a few years' time

35. point to

36. thanks to

37. more or less

38. so far

39. shut down

40. send up

41. put off

II. 重要句型

1.set one's mind to do sth.

2. put … together

3. stop…from…

4. keep…from…

5. be filled with sth.

6. give birth to

7. be covered with

8. be made of

9. fill…with…

10. match…with

11. be used for

12. have nothing to do with

13. come up with

14. no matter how…

15. keep sb./sth.warm?

III. 交際用語

1. ---I'm trying to …

2. --- I'll …

3. --- Which of these would you like mostto …?

4. --- What do you want to … ?

5. --- I want to…

6. --- I hope to …

7. --- I plan to…

8. --- I'm going to…

9. --- I'm so happy that …

10. --- I'm glad ….

11. --- me too.

12. --- What's this called in English?

13. --- What's it made of?

14. --- It's made of …

15. --- What's it used for?

16. --- It's used for …

17. --- English is widely used forbusiness/ …

18. --- It is one of the world's mostimportant languages as it is so widely used.

19. --- Where is / are … grown / produced /made ?

20. --- The (ground ) must be just right…

21. --- It's best to …

22. --- The hole should not be too deep.

23. --- The Great Green Wall is 7000kilometres long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres wide.

24. --- The more, the better.

25. --- More or less!

26. --- The (ground ) must be just right…

27. --- The hole should not be too deep.

28. 掌握以下常見標(biāo)志：

ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH PULL NO SMOKING NOPARKING

FRAGILE THIS SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGERBUSINESS HOURS

PLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF

IV. 重要語法

1. 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法旨剥；

2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法。

【名師講解】

1. be able to/ can

(1) 都能表示“能夠浅缸，具備干某件事的能力”這個(gè)含義轨帜，此時(shí)可以互換。

Mr. Green is able to finish the work ontime.

= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.

格林先生能夠按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作疗杉。

(2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)阵谚，而can 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)烟具，其過去式為could梢什。

We are sure he will be able to be an artist

when he grows up.我們相信他長(zhǎng)大后能夠成為一名畫家。

Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by

herself.林小姐已經(jīng)能夠自己負(fù)擔(dān)那輛車了朝聋。

(4) Can除了表示“能夠嗡午，有能力做某事”以外，還有如下用法冀痕，而be able to 則沒有荔睹。表示請(qǐng)求，但語氣沒有could委婉

Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看這張圖片嗎言蛇？

Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我們可以在下午6點(diǎn)之后再離開學(xué)校嗎僻他？

表示可能性。

That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我們的新老師腊尚。

The exam can’t be too difficult.考試不會(huì)太難吨拗。

2. bring/ take/carry/fetch

(1) bring一般是指拿來，即從別處往說話人這里拿，翻譯成“帶來”劝篷。

He brought us some good news.他給我們帶來了一些好消息哨鸭。

Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.明天請(qǐng)別忘了把家庭作業(yè)帶來。

(2) take一般是指從說話人這里往別處拿娇妓，翻譯成“帶走”像鸡。

Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.要下雨了，請(qǐng)把傘帶上哈恰。

She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了只估。

(3) carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，表示“攜帶蕊蝗、背著仅乓、運(yùn)送、搬扛”等意思蓬戚。

They carried the boxes into the factory. 他們把箱子搬進(jìn)了工廠夸楣。

A taxi carried them to the station. 出租車送他們到了車站

(4) fetch表示的是“去取來、去拿來子漩、去叫來”等意思豫喧，包含去和來兩趟。

The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者為他們?nèi)砹艘恍┨O果幢泼。

Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.媽媽為生病的兒子請(qǐng)來了醫(yī)生淹禾。

3. whole/ all

(1) whole強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)完整如一揽涮，互不分割的整體。

The whole country is suffering the war. 整個(gè)國(guó)家正遭遇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

I just want to know the whole story.我僅僅只想知道完整的故事盏道。

whole在句中的位置是放在所有格划纽，冠詞和指示代詞的之后腹鹉。

They will spend their whole holiday in

Canada.他們將到加拿大渡過整個(gè)假期她奥。（所有格后）

She has finished writing the wholebook.?? 她已經(jīng)寫完了整本書。（冠詞后）?

whole用來修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）别厘。

He ate the whole cake. 他把整個(gè)蛋糕都吃了虱饿。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整整一個(gè)蛋糕）

(2) all強(qiáng)調(diào)由一個(gè)個(gè)部分組成的“全部”。

Miss Green knew all the students in the

class.格林小姐認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)班上的所有人触趴。（一個(gè)一個(gè)全認(rèn)識(shí)）

all在句中的位置是放在所有格氮发，定冠詞和指示代詞的之前。

Jim finished all his homework in twenty

minutes.吉姆在20分鐘之內(nèi)完成了所有的作業(yè)冗懦。（所有格前）

Of all the boys here, he sings best.在這里所有的男孩之中爽冕，他唱的最好。（定冠詞前）

The boy can answer all these questions.那個(gè)男孩能夠回答所有的這些問題披蕉。（指示代詞前）

all既能修飾可數(shù)名詞（名詞須用復(fù)數(shù)）扇售，又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞前塔。

All these five books are mine.這五本書都是我的。（修飾可數(shù)名詞）

She was worried about her son all the time.她總在為她的兒子擔(dān)心承冰。（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）

4. fill/ full

(1) fill常作動(dòng)詞，與with連用食零，意思是“注滿困乒、裝滿”，也能表示“填空贰谣；補(bǔ)缺”的意思娜搂。例如：

He filled the box with chalk.他把粉筆裝滿了盒子。The bucket is filled with

water.水桶里裝滿了水吱抚。

(2) full是形容詞百宇，翻譯成“滿的，裝滿的”秘豹，常與of連用携御。此外還能表示“完全的”和“吃飽的，過飽的”既绕。

All the rooms are full of people.所有的房間都滿人了啄刹。

The bus was full. He had to wait for the

next one.這輛車人滿了，他只有等下一輛凄贩。

5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ bemade into

(1) be made of表示"由…制成", 一般指能夠看出原材料誓军，或發(fā)生的是物理變化。例如：

This table cloth is made of paper.這張桌布是由紙做的疲扎。

This salad is made of apples and

strawberries.這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的昵时。

(2) be made from也表示"由…制成"，但一般指看不出原材料椒丧，或發(fā)生的是化學(xué)變化壹甥。例如：

Bread is made from corn.面包是小麥做的。

The lifeboat is made from some special

material.這個(gè)救生艇是由某種特殊材料制成的瓜挽。

(3) be made in指的是產(chǎn)地盹廷，意思為"于…制造"。

The caps are made in Russia.這些帽子產(chǎn)于俄羅斯久橙。

My mother likes to buy things which are

made in China.我媽媽喜歡買中國(guó)產(chǎn)的東西俄占。

(4) be made into的意思為"被制成為…"。

This piece of wood will be made into a

small bench. 這塊木頭將要被制成一個(gè)小凳淆衷。

The paper has been made into clothes for

the doll. 紙被做成了洋娃娃的衣服缸榄。

6. none/ no one/ neither

(1) none既能指人，又能指物祝拯，意思是"沒有一個(gè)甚带，無一"她肯，常用作代詞，與of連用鹰贵。

None of us has heard of him before.我們沒有一個(gè)人以前聽說過他晴氨。

I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜歡。

none用作主語時(shí)碉输，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可籽前。例如：

None of the answers is true.沒有一個(gè)答案是正確的。None of the rooms are

mine.沒有一間房子是我的敷钾。

(2) no one只能用來指人枝哄，且不能與of連用。例如：

No one is absent.沒有人缺席阻荒。I knew no one there.那里我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)挠锥。

no one用作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)侨赡。

例如：No one

agrees with you. 沒有人同意你的說法蓖租。

(3) neither作代詞是對(duì)兩者都進(jìn)行否定，意思為"兩者都不"辆毡，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)菜秦。

例如：Neither of

the boys is from England. 這兩個(gè)男孩都不是來自英國(guó)。

I know neither of them.他們兩個(gè)我都不認(rèn)識(shí)舶掖。

7. found/ find

(1) find的意思是"找到球昨、發(fā)現(xiàn)"，其過去式和過去分詞都是found.

? Ican't find my glasses.我找不著我的眼鏡了眨攘。He found it boring to sit here alone.他發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)自坐在這里很沒勁主慰。

(2) found是另外一個(gè)詞，與find并沒有關(guān)系鲫售，意思是"成立共螺、建設(shè)"，常用作及物動(dòng)詞情竹。

? ThePeople's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中華人民共和國(guó)成立于1949年藐不。

? Theschool was founded by the local residents.這所學(xué)校是由當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裥藿ǖ摹?/p>

8. hear / hear of/ hear from

(1)hear的意思是"聽見；聽說秦效，得知"雏蛮，后面能接名詞、代詞或賓語從句阱州。

例如： We heard

the news just a moment ago.我剛聽說這個(gè)消息挑秉。Can you hear me? 能聽見我說話嗎？

(2) hear of的意思是"聽說"苔货，一般指非直接的聽見犀概，而是聽別人說的立哑。后不能接賓語從句。例如：

I have never heard of her.我從未聽說過她姻灶。They heard of the film long

time ago.他們很久以前就聽說過這部電影铛绰。

(3) hear from的意思是"收到來信"，與"聽"無關(guān)木蹬。例如：I often hear from him. 我經(jīng)常收到他的來信至耻。

He hasn't heard from his mother for a long

time.他很久沒有收到媽媽的信了

9. send/ send for

(1) send意思是"送往，派遣"镊叁，還有"發(fā)信，寄信"的意思走触。例如：The company sent him to study

abroad.公司派他到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)去了晦譬。Mr.

Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子們。

(2) send for意思是"召喚互广；派人去攘搽纭；派人去拿"惫皱，而非本人親自去像樊。例如：They have sent for a

repairman.他們已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)了一名修理工。 She sent for some flowers.她派了人去買花旅敷。

10. get to/ arrive/ reach

(1) arrive后不能直接接地點(diǎn)生棍，是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。若表示到達(dá)一個(gè)相對(duì)大的地點(diǎn)媳谁，用arrive in ; 若表示相對(duì)小的地點(diǎn)涂滴，用arrive at .

? Thedelegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表團(tuán)將于下午5:00到達(dá)北京。

? Itwas dark when they arrived at the railway station.當(dāng)他們到達(dá)火車站的時(shí)候晴音，天已經(jīng)黑了柔纵。

?When did she arrive here last time?她上次是什么時(shí)候到這兒的？（副詞前省略介詞）

(2) reach能直接接所到達(dá)的地點(diǎn)锤躁，是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞搁料。例如：They reached London on Friday.他們星期五到達(dá)了倫敦。The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到這個(gè)消息系羞。

reach還有"伸手去取郭计，伸手觸及，聯(lián)絡(luò)"等意思觉啊。

Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能夠到樹上的哪個(gè)蘋果嗎拣宏？

He can always be reached on the phone.可隨時(shí)打電話跟他聯(lián)系。

(3) get在表示"到達(dá)"時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞杠人，應(yīng)與to搭配使用勋乾。

We often get to school on foot.我們經(jīng)常步行到學(xué)校宋下。

They got to the top of the hill at noon.他們于中午到達(dá)了山頂。

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1. 動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法辑莫；

2. 動(dòng)詞不定式的功能和用法学歧；

3. 本單元的詞匯、短語和句型各吨；

4. 本單元學(xué)過的交際用語枝笨。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空揭蜒、短文填空和完成句子横浑。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年北京市中考試題)

?Aunt Li often asks her son ________ too much meat. It’s bad for hishealth.

? A.don’t eat? B. not to eat? C. not eat?D. to not eat

【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成和用法屉更。這個(gè)句子的基本句型是ask sb.

not to do sth. 這里徙融，not to eat 是不定式的否定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語。

2. (2004年嘉興市中考試題)

?China is becoming stronger and stronger, so Chinese ________ in moreAmerican schools now.

A. was taught? B. is taught?C. teaches? D. taught

【解析】答案：B瑰谜。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)欺冀。Chinese 是一種語言，只能被人教萨脑，因此要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)隐轩。又因?yàn)檎f的現(xiàn)在的情況，動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)渤早。所以選B职车。

3. (2004年河北省中考試題)

?This painting ________ to a museum in New York in 1977.A. sells? B. sold?C. was sold? D. is sold

【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)蛛芥。This painting只能被賣提鸟，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又因?yàn)槭?977年賣的仅淑，所以用一般過去時(shí)称勋。

4. (2004年揚(yáng)州市中考試題)

? ---Ifyou ________ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible.?? ---Sure, I will.

? A.keep up with? B. catch up with? C. feed up with? D. come up with

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是短語動(dòng)詞用法涯竟。本單元學(xué)習(xí)的短語動(dòng)詞come up with

a new idea意思是想出新主意赡鲜，正符合題意。

初三年級(jí)（下）

【知識(shí)梳理】

I. 重點(diǎn)短語

1. beg one's pardon

2. multiply …by…

3. slow down

4. wear out

5. try on

6. make a decision,

7. a place of interest

8. make a mistake

9. drop off?

10. think about

11. make up one's mind,

12. at all,

13. at least

14. by the time

15. carry on

16. never mind

17. from now on

18. come down

19. hands up

20. before long庐船，

21. no one银酬，

22. not…any longer

II. 重要句型

1. be busy doing sth.

2. prefer to do sth.

3. regard... as...

4. be pleased with sth./sb.

5. be angry with sb.

III. 交際用語

1. ---How much does… cost …?

2. ---It can cost as little as … yuan andas much as … yuan.

3. ---It costs ….

4. ---It's worth ….

5. ---I don't agree with ….

6. ---I wasn't sure whether….

7. ---I wonder if ….

8. ---What size …?

9. ---Have you got any other colour / size/ kind?

10. ---Have you got anything cheaper?

11. ---How much are they?

12. ---How much does it cost?

13. ---How much is it?

14. ---That's a bit expensive.

15. ---Even though they're a littleexpensive, I'll take them.

16. ---I'll think about ….

17. ---I don't think I'll take ….

18. ---I like ….

19. ---I don't really like ….

20. ---Can I help you, girl?

21. ---Would you like me to look in theback?

22. ---We can find ….

23. ---Do you like being …?

24. ---Can I ask you some questions?

25. ---Sure.

26. ---It was great.

27. ---Wow!

28. ---Yeah!

29. ---Oh dear!

30. ---Hands up!

31. ---I’ll shoot anyone who moves.

32. ---There’s no need to thank me.

33. ---Can you remember anything else abouthim?

34. ---Come down, Polly!

35. ---There is a little traffic accident．

36. ---There's a big traffic jam.

37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here beforelong.

38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him!

39.---Yes, we can't wait any longer. Let'sgo without him.

40. ---That's terrible!

41. ---That's a really bad excuse!

IV. 重要語法

1. 過去將來時(shí)

2. 過去完成時(shí)

3. 動(dòng)詞不定式

4. 定語從句

【名師講解】

1. think/ think/about/ think of

(1) think 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示"思考"，接that 賓語從句時(shí)意為"認(rèn)為"筐钟，"覺得"揩瞪。

? Iam thinking how to work out the problem.???I think she is a good student.

當(dāng)賓語從句含有否定概念時(shí)，通常形式上否定think 篓冲，但意義上卻是否定賓語從句李破。

I don't think he can come.??? I don't think it will be windy.

(2)think about 可接一個(gè)名詞宠哄，動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語從句，意思是"考慮……"嗤攻。

I have thought about it for a longtime.???? Please think about how to tellher the bad news.

(3)think of 表示"認(rèn)為"毛嫉，一般用于疑問句中，與what 連用妇菱。

??? What do you think of the TV play? = How doyou like the TV play?

2. big/ large/ great

上述形容詞都表示"大"承粤，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。

? (1)big指具體事物的大小闯团，強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大辛臊，既可用在普通場(chǎng)合，也可用在正式場(chǎng)合房交。它可用來指人的身材高大或"長(zhǎng)大了"浪讳，還可表示"偉大"，"重要"之意涌萤。如：

Can you lift up this big stone???? On the last day I made a big decision.

(2) large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大，指體積口猜、面積负溪、容積、數(shù)量之大济炎。如：

A whale is a large animal.??? A large crowd collected at the gate of thetheatre.

(3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外川抡，又指抽象的程度，意味著偉大性须尚，重要性崖堤，優(yōu)越性；常用于抽象

或無形的東西耐床；用于有形的東西時(shí)密幔，常帶有"偉大"，"大得令人吃驚"等意思撩轰，含有一定的感情色彩胯甩。如：

China is a great country with a longhistory.??? He was one of the greatestscientists.

3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay

(1) cost表示"花錢"，花費(fèi)堪嫂，付出（只能用于錢偎箫、精力、生命等皆串；主語必須是物淹办。）The bookcost me five yuan.

(2) take的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。It took me five yuan to buythe book..

(3) spend恶复，在主動(dòng)語句中主語是人I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.

(4) pay的主語是人怜森。I paid five yuan for the book.

4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low

這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí)速挑，要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格"高"塔插，而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格"低"梗摇。

(1) expensive昂貴的，花錢多的想许。這個(gè)單詞若談到"價(jià)格高伶授，貨貴"時(shí)其主語不能是價(jià)格，必須是貨物流纹、物品本身糜烹。如：This watch is

expensive. 這只表很貴。These

glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢漱凝。

注意：cheap表示"價(jià)廉"疮蹦，"便宜的"，其主語也不能是價(jià)格茸炒，必須是物品本身愕乎。如：

The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。

This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜壁公。

(2)high在表示價(jià)格時(shí)感论，含義是"高"，low在表示價(jià)格時(shí)紊册，含義是"低"比肄，這兩個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身，只

能用在價(jià)格上囊陡。如：The

price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價(jià)格太高了芳绩。

The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價(jià)格對(duì)我來說是不低。

下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照：

The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改為：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high.)

The price of this pen is not cheap for him

to buy.(宜改為：This pen

is not cheap for him to buy. 或The price of this pen is not low for him. )

5. alone/ lonely

lonely 與alone的意思比較接近撞反，但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別：

(1)lonely用作形容詞妥色，意思是"孤單的；寂寞的"痢畜《庀ィ可指心靈上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)丁稀。在句中既可作表語吼拥，也可作定語。(2)alone可作形容詞和副詞线衫，意思是"單獨(dú)凿可；獨(dú)自"，不指心理上寂寞的感覺。

She was taken to a lonely island, lived

alone, but she never felt lonely.她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上枯跑，自己居住惨驶，但她從不感到寂寞。

6. before long/ long before

(1)before long 作“不久以后”講敛助，切不要按字面譯為“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前”或“好久以前”粗卜。如：

We hope to finish our experiment before

long. 我們希望不久（以后）就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。

(2)long before 作"很久以前"講纳击。原意為"……以前很久"续扔，故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long

不同焕数，前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句纱昧；當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí)，名詞或從句還可以省略堡赔。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法识脆。They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long

before. 我們昨天開始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了善已。

7. as/ when/ while

(1)as 是連詞灼捂，意思是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，一面……一面"换团，（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)纵东，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)），如：

As we were talking about Titanic, our

teacher came in. 正當(dāng)我們談?wù)?泰坦尼克號(hào)"這部電影時(shí)啥寇，教師進(jìn)來了。

The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱洒扎。

(2)When和as一樣都是連詞辑甜，注意它們的不同。如when"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"（一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生）袍冷；

"那時(shí)"（等立連詞磷醋，前有逗號(hào)分開）I

stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山，那時(shí)天開始下雨了胡诗。

(3)while是"當(dāng)……時(shí)候邓线；和……同時(shí)"（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)）例如：While I was

watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候煌恢，他正在看書骇陈。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。

8. beat/win/ hit

(1)beat 是動(dòng)詞瑰抵，意思是"連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打"你雌。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是"擊敗對(duì)手二汛。"如：

?Ican beat you at swimming.

(2)win意思是"贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目"婿崭，后面常接"match, game"拨拓。如：He won a game. 他勝一局。We won a match. 我們比賽得勝氓栈。

(3)hit意思是"擊中"（有時(shí)可表示"打一下"）渣磷。如：The mother hit her child out of

anger. 媽媽生氣，打了她孩子一下授瘦。

9. keep doing/keep on doing

(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示"持續(xù)不停地做某事"或"持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)"醋界。如：The girl kept crying all the

time. 那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。The

baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)奥务。

(2)keep on doing 表示"總不斷做某事"物独，不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping,

lying, standing這類

詞連用氯葬。如：It kepton raining for seven days. Don't keep on asking such silly questions.

10. get/ turn/ become

這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用挡篓，表示狀態(tài)的變化，后跟表語帚称，但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同官研。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化闯睹；turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化戏羽；而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化楼吃。如：

The days are getting shorter and shorter in

winter．冬天的白天越來越短始花。She

couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出問題，臉紅了孩锡。When did you become a

teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋熆嵯渴昵啊?/p>

11. steal / rob

從意思上講steal表示偷竊的意思。而rob表示搶劫的意思躬窜；從搭配上來講浇垦，steal sth from sb/sth

;而rob則用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：He stole money from the rich togive it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.

12. see/look/watch/notice

在英語中，see荣挨，look男韧，watch，notice都有“看”的意思默垄，要注意他們的區(qū)別此虑。

see意為“看到”，表示視覺器官有意識(shí)或無意識(shí)地看到物體口锭，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看到”的結(jié)果寡壮。

look意為“看”，表示有意識(shí)地觀看，強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的動(dòng)作况既。

watch意為“觀看这溅，注視”，指以較大的注意力觀看棒仍。

notice意為“看到悲靴，注意到”，指有意識(shí)的注意莫其，含有從不注意到注意的變化的意義癞尚。例如：

What can you see in the picture？在圖畫中你能看到什么乱陡？

Look! How happily they are playing浇揩！看！他們玩得多高興昂┑摺胳徽！

He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的電視。

He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有個(gè)錢包爽彤。

13. Shoot/ shoot at

shoot是及物動(dòng)詞养盗，意思是“射中，射死”适篙，賓語多為人或動(dòng)物等往核。而shoot at是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組，意為“向……射擊”嚷节，至于射中或射死與否不得而知聂儒。如：

The man shot five birds in the forest．那個(gè)人在森林里射死（中）了五只鳥。The hunter shot at

the bear．獵人朝熊射擊了硫痰。They

shot at the she－wolf薄货， but didn't shoot her．他們向那只母狼射擊，但是沒有射中／死碍论。

14. escape/ run away

(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脫”或“逃避”講時(shí)柄慰，往往會(huì)有成功之意鳍悠。如：The old man escaped death．那個(gè)老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison．那個(gè)小偷越獄了坐搔。

(2)run away作“逃跑”藏研、“跑走”講時(shí)，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作概行。如：Don't let him run away．別讓他跑了蠢挡。

口語中escape和run away可以互用。

15. so that..../ so... that....

(1) so that....為了，以便业踏。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句禽炬，從句中往往有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句勤家。如：

I left at 5:00 so that I could catch theearly bus.??? Speak loudly, so that theycan hear what you say.

He didn't study English so that he lost achance to work in a foreign company.

(2) so... that....既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句腹尖，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)目的狀語從句。

如：Theclassroom was so noisy that I could hardly study. I got up so early in themorning that I could catch the train.

【考點(diǎn)掃描】

中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：

1. 過去將來時(shí)伐脖；

2. 過去完成時(shí)热幔；

3. 動(dòng)詞不定式；

4. 定語從句讼庇；

5. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯绎巨、短語和句型；

6. 本單元學(xué)過的交際用語蠕啄。

考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空场勤、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子介汹。

【中考范例】

1. (2004年濟(jì)寧市中考試題)

? Hewanted to know ______________.

? A.whether he speaks at the meeting???? B.when the meeting would start

B. what he’s going to do at themeeting? D. where would the meeting beheld

【解析】答案：B却嗡。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)橹骶涞臅r(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)嘹承，所以從句應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí)窗价，這就排除了A和B。賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是陳述句的語序叹卷，所以只有B是對(duì)的撼港。

2. (2004年煙臺(tái)市中考試題)

?---Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday? ---Because I ___________ itbefore.

A. had watched? B. have seen?C. have watched? D. had seen

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的搭配以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別骤竹〉勰担看電影習(xí)慣商用see a movie, 又因?yàn)檎f的昨天以前發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)蒙揣。只有D正確靶溜。

3. (2004年重慶市中考試題)

?---Did you win the football game?---Bad luck. Our team __________ in thefinal one.

A. won?B. beat? C. was won? D. was beaten

【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞搭配和動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)懒震。動(dòng)詞win通常和比賽一類的詞連用罩息，不與人或隊(duì)連用，因此可以排除A和C个扰。beat是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞瓷炮，既然我們的運(yùn)氣不好，就是輸了递宅，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)娘香。

4. (2004年廣州市中考試題)

?---Who is the man ________ was talking to our English teacher?? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he?B. that? C. whom? D. which

【解析】答案：B苍狰。該題考查的是引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞的選擇。由于先行詞是人烘绽，可以排除A和D淋昭。而該詞在定語從句中作主語，只有B合適诀姚。