Paragraph 1
The industrial policy of a country, sometimes denoted IP, is its official strategic effort to encourage the development and growth of part of all of the manufacturing sector as well as other sectors of the economy.
一個(gè)國家的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是其促進(jìn)整體制造業(yè)以及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)發(fā)展和增長的官方策略性措施，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策有時(shí)用IP表示货裹。
The government takes measures ‘’ aimed at improving the competitiveness and capabilities of domestic firms and promoting structural transformation.’’
國家政府采取這些措施“旨在提高國內(nèi)企業(yè)的競爭力和能力，并同時(shí)促進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型肥败。”
and 并且
A country’s infrastructure ( transportation, telecommunications and energy industry) is a major part of the manufacturing sector that often has a key role in IP.
一個(gè)國家的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（包括交通運(yùn)輸徙缴，通信和能源等行業(yè)）是制造業(yè)的主要組成部分是制造業(yè)的主要組成部分伊约，通常在IP發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵的作用。
that 引導(dǎo)的從句兽愤，分開來說彼念。
Paragraph 2（重中之重）
Industrial policies are sector-specific, unlike broader macroeconomic policies.
與更廣泛的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策不同，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是針對各行業(yè)具體制定的（sector-specific)浅萧。
sector: 行業(yè)逐沙，領(lǐng)域
遇到unlike和compare with 提前
Examples of the latter, which are horizontal, economy wide policies, are tightening credit and taxing capital gains, while examples of industrial policy, which involves vertical, sector-specific, including protecting textiles from imports and subsidizing export industries.
宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策是橫向的，適用于經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍的政策洼畅，例如緊縮信貸和增收資本收益稅吩案，然而產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是縱向的，涉及對各行業(yè)的政策土思，例如保護(hù)紡織品免受進(jìn)口商品的沖擊和補(bǔ)貼出口產(chǎn)業(yè)务热。
latter: 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策中（因?yàn)榍懊嬲{(diào)動(dòng)了順序，所以直接寫出來）
horizontal: 橫向的
vertical: 縱向的
Industrial policies are interventional measures typical of mixed economy countries.
行業(yè)政策是混合經(jīng)濟(jì)國家的主張干預(yù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法己儒。
產(chǎn)業(yè)政策是具有混合經(jīng)濟(jì)型國家典型特征的干涉主義措施崎岂。
measure：措施
Many types of industrial policies contain common elements with other types of interventionist practices such as trade policy and fiscal policy.
許多類型的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策包含了與其他類型的干涉主義措施相同的一些要素，其中包括類如貿(mào)易政策和財(cái)政政策闪湾。
with other types… 提前
An example of a typical industrial policy is import-substituion-industrialization(ISI), where trade barriers are temporarily imposed on some key sectors, such as manufacturing.
典型的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策一個(gè)例子是冲甘，就是進(jìn)口替換工業(yè)化（ISI)，這種政策會(huì)暫時(shí)性地對如制造業(yè)等一些關(guān)鍵行業(yè)實(shí)施貿(mào)易壁壘途样。
By selectively protecting certain industries, these industries are given time to learn(learn by doing) and upgrade.
通過有選擇性的保護(hù)特定行業(yè)江醇，這些行業(yè)便有時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)（通過實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)），和升級何暇。
certain：特定陶夜，某些
把被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)成主動(dòng)，翻譯
Once competitive enough, these restrictions are lifted to expose the selected industries to the international market.
一旦具有足夠的競爭力裆站，這些限制就會(huì)解除条辟，從而使這些行業(yè)面對國際性的市場。
lift: remove宏胯，解除
expose: 面對
Paragraph 3
One key question is which kinds of industrial policy are most effective in promoting economic development.
關(guān)鍵的問題是羽嫡，哪種產(chǎn)業(yè)政策在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展最為有效。
Of particular relevance for developing countries are the conditions under which industrial policies may also contribute to poverty reduction, such as a focus on specific industries or the promotion of linkages between larger companies and smaller local enterprises.
對發(fā)展中國家而言尤其重要的是肩袍，在什么樣的條件下杭棵，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策也可能有助于減少貧困。例如氛赐，專注于一些特定的行業(yè)魂爪，或促進(jìn)規(guī)模較大公司和地方較小企業(yè)之間的聯(lián)系先舷。
倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，認(rèn)清主語
