正文
How long should it take to grieve? Psychiatry has come up with an answer.
沉痛的悲傷應(yīng)該持續(xù)多長時(shí)間? 精神病學(xué)給出了一個(gè)答案
After more than a decade of argument, psychiatry's most powerful body in the United States added a new disorder this week to its diagnostic manual: prolonged grief.
經(jīng)過十多年的爭論，美國精神病學(xué)最有影響力的機(jī)構(gòu)本周在其診斷手冊中增加了一種新的疾病：長期悲傷揭朝。
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The new diagnosis, prolonged grief disorder, was designed to apply to a narrow slice of the population who are incapacitated, pining and ruminating a year after a loss, and unable to return to previous activities.
長期悲傷障礙這種新的疾病診斷是專為一小部分人群設(shè)立的丽旅，這些人在失去親友一年之后還是沒有行為能力，沉湎在痛苦的思念中，翻來覆去地咀嚼這種悲傷，無法恢復(fù)以前的活動(dòng)。
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Its inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders means that clinicians can now bill insurance companies for treating people for the condition.
長期悲傷被納入了《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊》 达箍，這意味著現(xiàn)在臨床醫(yī)生在治療這種疾病的患者后，可以向保險(xiǎn)公司收取費(fèi)用铺厨。
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Since the 1990s, a number of researchers have argued that intense forms of grief should be classified as a mental illness, saying that society tends to accept the suffering of bereaved people as natural and that it fails to steer them toward treatment that could help.
自 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代以來缎玫，許多研究人員主張，強(qiáng)烈的悲痛應(yīng)該被歸類為精神疾病解滓。他們認(rèn)為赃磨，社會(huì)通常相信，失去親友的人們感受到痛苦是自然的洼裤，因此社會(huì)觀念并不會(huì)引導(dǎo)這些人去接受可能有幫助的治療邻辉。
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Throughout that time, critics of the idea have argued vigorously against categorizing grief as a mental disorder, saying the designation risks pathologizing a fundamental aspect of the human experience.
在那段時(shí)間里，這一觀點(diǎn)的批評(píng)者們一直在強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)將悲傷歸類為精神疾病腮鞍。他們覺得這種認(rèn)定值骇，有將人類經(jīng)歷中的一個(gè)重要方面病理化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
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In 2010, when the American Psychiatric Association proposed expanding the definition of depression to include grieving people, it provoked a backlash, feeding into a broader critique that mental health professionals were overdiagnosing and overmedicating patients.
2010 年移国，美國精神醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)提議擴(kuò)大抑郁癥的定義吱瘩，將因某人去世而悲痛的人也包含在內(nèi)。這一提議引發(fā)了強(qiáng)烈的抵制迹缀，也影響到了一場覆蓋面更廣的批判——精神健康專業(yè)人員對(duì)患者過度診斷和過度用藥使碾。
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The new diagnosis is a breakthrough for those who have argued, for years, that intensely grieving people need tailored treatment. Yet, others said they were wary of any expectation that grief should lift in a particular period of time.
對(duì)于那些多年來一直主張重度悲傷人群需要定制化治療方案的人來說皱卓，這個(gè)新的診斷是一個(gè)突破。然而部逮，其他人則表示，他們對(duì)所有“悲傷應(yīng)該在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)消失”的預(yù)期都保持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度嫂易。
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主編：尹嵐兄朋、阿翀
品控：小米椒、青椒
審核：Jack
重點(diǎn)詞匯
grieve
/ɡri?v/
v. 悲傷
相關(guān)詞匯：grief（n. 悲傷怜械，悲痛）
例句：People need time to grieve after the death of a loved one.
psychiatry
/sa??ka??.tri/
n. 精神病學(xué)
相關(guān)詞匯：psychology
詞根詞綴：psyche
英文釋義：the human spirit or mind
相關(guān)詞匯：psychiatrist
come up with
想到颅和，想出
近義短語：think of
例句：We finally came up with a solution.
body
/?bɑ?.di/
n. 團(tuán)體，機(jī)構(gòu)缕允；身體
英文釋義：a group of people who work together to do a particular job
搭配短語：the student body
搭配短語：the government body
disorder
/-?s??r.d?/
n. 紊亂峡扩，疾病障本；混亂教届，無序
詞根詞綴：dis-（否，非）
相關(guān)詞匯：order（n. 整齊驾霜，有秩序）
例句：Everything was in disorder in the war.
例句：He suffers from a mental disorder.
diagnostic
/?da?.?ɡ?nɑ?.st?k/
adj. 診斷的案训，判斷的
相關(guān)詞匯：diagnose（v. 診斷，判斷）
搭配短語：diagnostic tools
搭配短語：diagnostic tests
prolonged
/pr??lɑ??d/
adj. 延長的粪糙，長期的
相關(guān)詞匯：prolong（v. 延長强霎，拖長）
近義詞：lengthen
搭配短語：to prolong the conversation
搭配短語：a prolonged absence
搭配短語：prolonged applause
slice
/sla?s/
n. 部分；一小塊
搭配短語：a slice of cake
近義詞：portion
例句：Everybody wants a slice of the profits.
incapacitate
/??n.k??p?s.?.te?t/
v. 使無能力（正常工作或做事）
相關(guān)詞匯：capacity（n. 能力）
詞根詞綴：in-（不蓉冈，非）
派生詞：incapacity（n. 無能力）
例句：She has been incapacitated by a fall.
pine
/pa?n/
v. 思念
詞性拓展：pine（n. 松樹）
搭配短語：pine for
例句：I had been pining for my family and friends when I was abroad.
ruminate
/?ru?.m?.ne?t/
v. 沉思城舞；反芻
例句：He ruminated about the implications of their decision.
相關(guān)詞匯：rumination（n. 思維反芻）
clinician
/kl??n??.?n/
n. 臨床醫(yī)生
相關(guān)詞匯：clinic（n. 診所；臨床）
intense
/?n?tens/
adj. 強(qiáng)烈的寞酿，劇烈的
英文釋義：very strong
近義詞：extreme
搭配短語：intense heat
搭配短語：intense pressure
bereaved
/b??ri?vd/
adj. 剛剛喪失親友的
搭配短語：a bereaved mother
搭配短語：the bereaved
steer
/st?r/
v. 引導(dǎo)家夺，指導(dǎo)；駕駛（車熟嫩、船等）
近義詞：guide
搭配短語：steer sb. away from sth.
例句：Teachers try to steer students away from video games.
搭配短語：steer sb. towards sth.
vigorously
/?v?ɡ.?.?s.li/
adv. 強(qiáng)度大地秦踪，激烈地
相關(guān)詞匯：vigor（n. 活力，精力）
衍生詞：vigorous（adj. 充滿活力的掸茅，強(qiáng)度大的）
搭配短語：vigorous exercise
搭配短語：a vigorous debate
designation
/?dez.?ɡ?ne?.??n/
n. 任命椅邓，指定
相關(guān)詞匯：designate（v. 任命，指定）
例句：The house was recently designated as a historic building.
pathology
/p??θɑ?.l?.d?i/
n. 病理學(xué)
衍生詞：pathologize（v. 使......病理化）
depression
/d??pre?.?n/
n. 抑郁癥昧狮；傷心景馁，沮喪
相關(guān)詞匯：depress（v. 使難過，使沮喪）
例句：The news seemed to depress him.
provoke
/pr??vo?k/
v. 引發(fā)逗鸣，激發(fā)
英文釋義：to cause a reaction or feeling
例句：The proposal provoked widespread criticism.
backlash
/?b?k.l??/
n. 強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)合住；后坐力
相關(guān)詞匯：back（adj. 反向的）
相關(guān)詞匯：lash（v. 用鞭子抽打）
搭配短語：a public backlash against racism
feed into
促進(jìn)绰精，加劇
英文釋義：help make something happen
例句：My music feeds into my work.
tailored
/?te?.l?d/
adj. 量身定制的
相關(guān)詞匯：tailor（v. 定做衣服；量身打造透葛，按需定制）
搭配短語：tailor to
例句：They tailored the scripts to Chinese audiences.
wary
/?wer.i/
adj. 提防的笨使，謹(jǐn)慎的
搭配短語：be wary of
例句：People are increasingly wary of putting money into stock market.
lift
/l?ft/
v. 消失，消散僚害；提起硫椰，抬起
英文釋義：to go away until none is left
例句：The morning mist had lifed and the sun was starting to rise.
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