"creditors generally"的表述常常出現(xiàn)在借貸跺株、破產(chǎn)苍日、重組的語境中信卡。
實務(wù)中對"generally"一詞的理解不同圾叼，譯法繁多，莫衷一是辜纲。大約有以下幾種譯法：
一般
This may affect the success of the provisional supervision or voluntary arrangement or the dividend available to the creditors generally in the event of the company being wound up.
此舉或會影響臨時監(jiān)管或自愿償債安排的成功機會距淫， 亦會影響債權(quán)人在公司清盤時一般可獲攤還的債款绞绒。
（來源：legco.gov.hk）
概括
...if he becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors generally...
……如董事破產(chǎn)或獲法令遭全面接管財產(chǎn)或遭全面停止支付款項或與其債權(quán)人概括地達成債務(wù)還款安排……
（來源：cre8ir.com）
全面
...he becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally or shall apply to the court for an interim order under section 253 of the Insolvency Act 1986 in connection with a voluntary arrangement under that Act...
……破產(chǎn)或與其債權(quán)人全面達成債務(wù)償還安排或債務(wù)重整協(xié)議或根據(jù)一九八六年破產(chǎn)法第253條就該法項下的自愿安排向法院申請臨時命令……
（來源：prudential.co.uk）
全體
...become insolvent or has made any arrangements or composition with his creditors generally, or has been convicted of any criminal offence (other than an offence which in the opinion of the Directors does not bring the grantee or the Group or the Invested Entity into disrepute)...
……無力償債、與全體債權(quán)人訂立任何償債安排或協(xié)議榕暇，或觸犯刑事罪行（董事認為不會使承授人蓬衡、本集團或所投資公司名譽受損者除外）……
（來源：embryform.com）
整體
...if he becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors generally...
……倘其破產(chǎn)或接獲向其發(fā)出的破產(chǎn)接管令或暫停還債或與其債權(quán)人整體達成債務(wù)償還協(xié)議……
（來源：asiasat.com)
"generally"是修飾"creditors"嗎？
觀察以上各例彤枢，翻譯成"一般"狰晚、"概括"以及"全面"的，"generally"修飾的對象是"creditors"形容詞或動詞堂污，而翻譯成"全體"家肯、"整體"的，修飾對象變成"creditors"盟猖。
由于語境信息不足讨衣，分析時需要找出缺失的語境信息换棚。
通過查看大量的實務(wù)文件，找到以下示例：
例一：
..."creditors generally" include all creditors who may assent to, or take the benefit of, a deed of arrangement...
(來源：gov.gi)
例二：
A trustee or assignee acting under the trusts of a deed or assignment for the benefit of ceditors generally, or of a particular class or classes of creditors...
（來源：bc.ca）
可以看出反镇，"generally"修飾的對象是"creditors"固蚤。翻譯成"一般"、"概括"以及"全面"均不妥當歹茶。
另請看聯(lián)合國的權(quán)威翻譯例：
Coordination of recovery of assets for the benefit of creditors generally, in case claims for assets of a group member subject to bankruptcy proceedings in a different State are raised...
在有人對進入破產(chǎn)程序的集團成員位于另一國的資產(chǎn)提出主張時夕玩，為債權(quán)人的整體利益追回資產(chǎn)方面的協(xié)調(diào)……
（來源：daccess-ods.un.org）
“全體”v.s.“整體”
從以上兩例的表述來看，“creditors generally” 可以是某一類型的債權(quán)人也可以是全部債權(quán)人惊豺，而不區(qū)分類別燎孟。因此，“全體”和“整體”的譯法皆可取尸昧，具體視語境靈活確定揩页。
例外情形
不過，以上分析不可一概而論烹俗。
理論上爆侣，在特殊語境中，"generally" 也可以修飾動詞或形容詞幢妄，下文即是一個特例：
This would be more advantageous to the employee than in the case of winding up, since apart from PWIF ex-gratia payments, employee creditors generally only receive a very low return on the amount owed.
對雇員來說兔仰，這做法較清盤有利，因為若公司清盤蕉鸳，除了破欠基金所發(fā)放的特惠款項外乎赴，身為債權(quán)人的雇員獲償還的欠款額通常都很小。
（來源：legco.gov.hk）
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