1.信用證概念 The written promise of a bank, undertaken on behalf of a buyer, to pay a seller the amount specified in the credit provided the seller complies with the terms and conditions set forth in the credit? 1)It is to make a payment to the order of a third party (the beneficiary), or is to accept and pay bills of exchange ;? 2) It authorizes another bank to negotiate, against stipulated documents, provided that the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with.

特征 1锐秦、A written undertaking? on the part of the issuing bank 2、Independent of the sales contract 3掷漱、Exclusively dealing with documents

基本當(dāng)事人? ? 1) Applicant 。)The applicant instructs a bank at his place of business to open a letter of credit for the beneficiary on the terms specified by the buyer in his instructions to the issuing bank. ? ? payment for the documents漠嵌， To deliver a proportion deposit to the bank恩够。2) Beneficiary钠乏。? Upon receipt of the letter of credit, the beneficiary should? check it with the contract in time。the discrepancy will require the issuing bank to amend or refuse to accept or require the applicant to instruct the amendment of? issuing bank 墩划。As the seller receives the credit and is satisfied with the terms and conditions, he is in a position to load the goods and dispatch them.The seller then sends the documents to the negotiation bank.? 3) Issuing? bank? open the lc timely and accurately 涕刚。fAccept the responsibility for primary payment。The issuing bank checks the documents, if they meet the requirements , effects payment in accordance with the terms of the credit. The issuing bank releases the documents to the buyer upon payment of the amount due, or upon other terms agreed between the buyer and the issuing bank.

分類 1.according to bill of documents ,clean c, documentary c乙帮。2.characteristic of c. Revocable c,irrevocable? c3.confirmation.confirmed c,unconfirmed c.4payment,sight payment c,deferred payment? c,acceptance c,negotiation c 5transfer,transferable c,non-transferable c6. relationship ,back to back c,reciprocal c

兌付honour means 1. to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. 2.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. 3. to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 議付 Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to(to be paid the nominated bank.

2.匯票概念 A Bill of Exchange is an unconditional order in writing杜漠， addressed by one person to another，signed by the person giving it察净，requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer．

必要記載事項(xiàng)：the word "draft". unconditional order to pay. the amount determined. date of issue.the location of issue. the payment terms. the place of payment. the name of payer. the name of payee.? signature of the drawer

基本當(dāng)事人：*drawer.? the drawer should? assume that the holder of instruments will be accepted by the payer when he present the instrument to payer . Once the payer dishonor the instrument ,the drawer should fulfill? payment by himself and is the debtor of unaccepted instruments . *payer.? ? ? ? ? ? ? The drawee is the main debtor of instruments when he accept payment. ? ? ＊payee.? ? ? The payee of instruments can claim the right of instruments by presenting it to payer/drawee .Once instruments is dishonored ,the payee can have a recourse to the drawer .The payee can be endorser by negotiation .

匯票模版 to開證行驾茴，for 收款人，drawn under 開證行氢卡，interest利率锈至，exchange for金額小寫，the sum of金額大寫only译秦，at付款日期峡捡，pay to收款人

discount貼現(xiàn)息=票面金額x貼現(xiàn)率x貼現(xiàn)天數(shù)／365（360）

抬頭分類 1击碗、pay to the speafied person不可轉(zhuǎn)讓 2丶pay to the order of speafied person 3丶Pay to the bearer持票人

匯票分類 1、drawer出票人 们拙，banker's draft 稍途，trader's draft。2砚婆、time for payment械拍，sight draft，usance draft 3装盯、whether payee坷虑， order draft，presentation draft 4验夯、whether document 猖吴，documentary draft， clean draft

匯票本票區(qū)別 1. basic nature 2. the responsibility of the issuance? 3. presentation of the long-term notes 4. drawn conditions 5. Some acts payment, etc.; money order 6. post-processing dishonore 7. Parties

即期遠(yuǎn)期匯票區(qū)別

拒付定義dishonour 挥转，Dishonor refers that the payer refuse to? accept or pay the amount of the instrument .

追索定義recourse ， The holder has the right to claim the amount of the instrument when dishonor happens .

追索條件 （1）Eligible instrument （2）Make Protest and? Notice of Dishonor in time （3）Dishonor happens.