Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
參考譯文 Get to Translate十四行詩第18首
是否把你比作夏季的美速种?
可你比夏天更溫和可愛:
狂風(fēng)會(huì)吹落五月的花蕾蝶缀,
夏季賃期太短結(jié)束太快,
天眼的光焰有時(shí)會(huì)太強(qiáng)沪编,
金面孔上常有陰云出現(xiàn):
一切美好事物難免消亡,
或因偶然婚惫,或因自然變遷坊罢;
但你的長(zhǎng)夏將永不消逝漠吻,
你的美態(tài)將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)存在:
當(dāng)把你寫進(jìn)了永恒的詩行里,
死神難夸你會(huì)在他的影下徘徊:
只要人能呼吸打毛,眼能看見柿赊,
這詩行就會(huì)讓你生命重現(xiàn)俩功。
莎士比亞一生寫過154首十四行詩,這首為第十八首碰声,寫給他的朋友诡蜓,但我們不妨也可以把它當(dāng)成愛情詩來讀。這首詩是公認(rèn)的名篇胰挑,也是多數(shù)教科書必選之列蔓罚。
這首詩的藝術(shù)特點(diǎn)首先在于它有雙重主題:一是贊美愛友的美貌,二是歌頌詩歌藝術(shù)的不朽力量瞻颂。詩人開頭把愛友比成英國一年最美的季節(jié)——夏季豺谈,從而喚起讀者美好的想象。接下來筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)贡这,夏季雖然美好茬末,但不可常駐;然而盖矫,憑借詩歌的力量团南,他可以使他愛友的美貌永存。最后兩行總結(jié)全文:只要詩行存在炼彪,愛友的美就存在吐根。這里既兼顧到了對(duì)愛友的美的贊譽(yù),又贊美了詩歌藝術(shù)的不朽辐马。
這首詩歌的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是:語言生動(dòng)拷橘,比喻新穎。在短短的十四行中運(yùn)用了多種修辭手法喜爷,如:設(shè)問(rhetorical question)冗疮、暗喻(metaphor)、擬人(personification)檩帐、夸張(hyperbole)等术幔。這些修辭手法的運(yùn)用大大加強(qiáng)了這首詩歌的表現(xiàn)力。