?Unit 2 ?不定詞
不定詞(to+原形動(dòng)詞)丘跌，其身份不再是動(dòng)詞殴瘦。它在句中扮演名詞狠角、形容詞及副詞這三種身份。
to V
1. 名詞用法→當(dāng)主語蚪腋、賓語丰歌、補(bǔ)語
例：To buy things in a flea market must be fun. (在跳蚤市場買東西一定很好玩。)
2. 形容詞用法→修飾名詞
例：I have a lot of things to buy. (我有很多東西要買屉凯。)
3. 副詞用法→表目的立帖、原因等。
例：I went there to buy notebooks. (我去那里買筆記本悠砚。)
不定詞的名詞用法
① 不定詞當(dāng)主語
The work?is?fun.
To travel around the world?is?fun.
例：1. To answer this question is difficult for me. (對我而言回答這個(gè)問題是困難的晓勇。)
注意：不定詞放句首當(dāng)主詞時(shí)，視為一件事灌旧，其后須接單數(shù)動(dòng)詞绑咱。
2. To solve pollution problems is difficult for people in Taiwan.
→ It is difficult for people in Taiwan to solve pollution problems.
(對臺灣民眾而言，要解決污染問題是困難的枢泰。)
注意：不定詞為首的主詞描融，可用it (假主詞)代替，再將此事件放置在后說明衡蚂。
3. To be patient with others is best for you. (你對別人有耐心是最好的窿克。)
→ It is best for you to be patient with others.
※句型：It’s +形容詞(修飾事物)+for +人+ to +原形動(dòng)詞…
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?It's +形容詞(修飾人)+of+人+ to +原形動(dòng)詞…
修飾"人"的形容詞：good, nice, kind, brave, clever, careless, honest, bad, stupid, silly, selfish, polite…等
例：1. It's kind of you to help me. (你真好幫我的忙骏庸。)?
? ? ? ?= ?You are kind to help me. ? 注意：因?yàn)閗ind是修飾人的，所以可以用左側(cè)句子表達(dá)
? ? ? ? 2. It's stupid of him to speak ill of others. (他說別人壞話是愚蠢的年叮。) ??
? ? ? ?= ?He is stupid to speak ill of others. ? ?
注意：短語speak ill of....說某人壞話
② 不定詞當(dāng)賓語
I?like?baseball.
I?like?to play baseball.
例：1. I decided to quit the job. (我決定辭掉工作具被。)
? ? ? ? 2. He hoped to be there on time. (他希望準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里。)
注意：有些動(dòng)詞只损，如decide硬猫，hope，want改执，expect啸蜜，volunteer等，必用不定詞當(dāng)受詞辈挂。
? ? ? ?3. I want / would like to see a movie with my friend. (我想要和我的朋友一起看電影衬横。)
? ? ? ?4. You needn't go if you don't want to. (你不需要去，如果你不想去的話终蒂。)
注意：to后面的動(dòng)詞和前面相同時(shí)蜂林，則動(dòng)詞可省略。
③ 不定詞當(dāng)補(bǔ)語
a.當(dāng)主詞補(bǔ)語→可放在be動(dòng)詞或連綴動(dòng)詞之后拇泣，補(bǔ)充說明主詞噪叙。
My work?is?the thing.
My work?is?to prepare dinner.
例：1. My aim in life is to become a famous singer. (我人生的目標(biāo)是成為名歌手。)
? ? ? ? 2. To see is to believe. (眼見為憑霉翔。)
b.當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語→即：主詞+動(dòng)詞+受詞+受詞補(bǔ)語睁蕾。
He?calls?me?Johnny.
He?wants?me?to do it.
例：1. He told me to give up smoking. (他告訴我要戒煙。)
? ? ? ? 2. She got her husband to clean up the house. (她叫她先生打掃房子债朵。)
注意：有些動(dòng)詞子眶，如want, ask, teach, tell, get, show等，用不定詞當(dāng)受詞補(bǔ)語序芦。
? ? ? ?3. He asked me not to tell her the truth. (他要求我不要跟她說實(shí)話臭杰。)
比較：He didn't ask me to tell her the truth. (他沒要求我跟她說實(shí)話。).
注意：否定不定詞→not +to +原形動(dòng)詞
不定詞的形容詞用法
不定詞當(dāng)形容詞修飾名詞或something…等代名詞時(shí)谚中，采用后位修飾渴杆。即：名詞/ something… + to +原形動(dòng)詞
△修飾名詞
例：1. I have letters to write. (我有信要寫。)
? ? ? ? 2. My mother has a lot of housework to do every day. (我媽媽每天有很多家事要做宪塔。).
△修飾something…等
例：1. I’ll give you something to eat. (我會(huì)給你東西吃磁奖。)
? ? ? ? 2. Do you have anything to read？(你有什么東西可讀嗎蝌麸？)
注意：有些不定詞之后會(huì)伴隨著介系詞点寥。
例：1. They have a lot of things to talk about. (他們有許多事要談艾疟。)
? ? ? ? 2. Please give me a ball-point pen to write with. (請給我一支原珠筆寫字来吩。)
不定詞的副詞用法
不定詞可以用來修飾一般動(dòng)詞敢辩，形容詞和副詞，能夠表示目的弟疆、原因等
◎ 表目的→此時(shí)可用 in order to +原形動(dòng)詞代替
例：She went to London to study English. (她去倫敦學(xué)英語戚长。)
? ? ?=She went to London in order to study English.
注意：go和come通常其后不接不定詞，而是用and連接怠苔。
例：Come and see me. (來看我同廉。) ? 注意：and在口語中往往可以省略。
◎ 表原因→跟在表感情的形容詞之后
例：1. I am glad to see you. (很高興見到你柑司。).
? ? ? ? 2. We are sorry to hear the news. (我們聽到這消息很難過迫肖。)
含不定詞的句型
◎ 疑問詞+to原形動(dòng)詞→此為名詞詞組，可當(dāng)主語攒驰、賓語蟆湖、補(bǔ)語。
(當(dāng)主語)
例：1.Which way to go is a big problem. (要走哪一條路是個(gè)大問題玻粪。)
(當(dāng)賓語)
? ? ? ?2. I know how to operate the machine. (我知道如何操作這機(jī)器隅津。)
(當(dāng)補(bǔ)語)
? ? ? 3. He told me where to take the bus.(他告訴我哪里可以搭公交車。)
◎ too…to… (太……而不能)
※ too+形容詞/副詞+ to 原形動(dòng)詞
例：1. You are too young to understand the whole thing. (你太年輕無法了解整件事劲室。)
? ? ? ? 2. The water is too hot for me to drink. (對我而言水太燙無法喝伦仍。)
? ? ? ? 3. He worked too slowly to finish it. (他工作得太慢無法完成這件事。)
◎…enough to… (夠……可以……)
※ 形容詞/副詞+ enough+ to 原形動(dòng)詞
例：1. My younger brother is old enough to go to school. (我弟弟年紀(jì)夠大可以上學(xué)很洋。)
? ? ? ? 2. Bob worked hard enough to pass the exam. (Bob夠用功可以通過考試充蓝。)
