一、同位語
專有名詞后常接同位語茁帽，表示對專有名詞的解釋說明董饰；或者反過來，普通名詞后倦淀，專有名詞作同位語表示解釋說明
- we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.
- This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow.
- But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.
- They are acting because national governments - Britain's and others across Europe - have failed to do so.
- And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a
coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. - in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.
同位語表示進一步解釋說明蒋畜，常伴隨著一些標志性的標點符號，如：逗號撞叽、破折
號姻成、冒號插龄，這也可以作為判斷的標志。
eg:
- We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad.
- Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra - their unique value contribution.
- the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone.
二科展、插入語
1.定義
表示后來插人句子中的成分均牢，表示想補充說明的內(nèi)容。插人語是句子的非核心成分辛润，而且它插人后造成原句的分裂膨处，加大了看懂句子的難度，因此在進行長難句分析時砂竖，可以先去掉不看，看懂了核心內(nèi)容后鹃答，再看插入語的內(nèi)容乎澄。通常插人語兩端會出現(xiàn)成對的逗號、破折號或括號隔開测摔，但有時候沒有標點隔開置济。
2.插入語的常見形式
①主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語，表示“某人說锋八，某人認為.....”
- Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance.
- The answer, says Dr. Kroo, lies with birds.
- Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation".
②副詞作插入語
- Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.
- Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise...
③介詞短語作插入語
- Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.
- The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect.
- There are, of course, knots to be worked out.
- About a quarter of all ltalian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to ltaly for good.
- Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity.
有的時候浙于，一個內(nèi)容可能既是同位語，又是插人語挟纱。因為同位語和插人語其實是從兩個不同的維度來描述：
- 同位語指的是內(nèi)容方面羞酗，解釋說明前面的名詞；
- 而插入語指的是位置方面紊服，插人到句子中間的檀轨。
eg；
- Tony, my teacher, is coming here.（既是同位語欺嗤，也是插入語）
- Tony, with his students, is coming here.（只是插入語）
