學習資料:賴氏經(jīng)典英語語法
不完全及物動詞(簡寫:i. vt.)仍屬一種及物動詞贡这,但此類動詞加了賓語之后戈泼,意思并不完全南片,需要加補語(complement)睡陪,以補充意思之不足寺渗。
茲以 make(使,叫) 為例:
He made Mary.(他使瑪麗兰迫。)
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* 本句意思不完全户秤,故需補語。
-> He made Mary happy.(他使瑪麗快樂逮矛。)
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* happy 為形容詞,此處作賓語補語转砖,使整句完整须鼎。
不完全及物動詞的分類及用法
<a id="causative">使役動詞</a>
1) 叫……
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make / have + 賓語 + 原型動詞(作補語),例:
I made him wash the car.(我叫他洗車府蔗。) ---- --- ------------ I had John report to me.(我叫約翰向我報到晋控。) --- ---- ------------
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get sb to do someting,例:
I got him to wash the car.(我叫他洗車姓赤。) --- --- ---------------
注意:
make 可使用于被動語態(tài)中赡译,但 have 及 get 則不可。
He was made to wash the car. (他被要求洗車——也照做了不铆。)
2) 讓……
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let + 賓語 + 原型動詞(作賓語補語)蝌焚,例:
I let him wash the car. (我讓他洗車裹唆。) --- --- ------------ I let Peter try it. (我讓彼得試試看。) --- ----- ------
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let + 賓語 + 作副詞用的介詞(in只洒、out许帐、down),例:
He let me in. (他讓我進來毕谴。) --- -- -- His performance let me down. (他的表演令我失望成畦。) --- -- ----
注意:
上述介詞由于其后無賓語,可單獨存在作副詞用涝开,因此稱為介副詞循帐。與地點副詞(如 there、here舀武、home)一樣拄养,介副詞可作 be 動詞之后的表語。
例:
He is out. (他出去了奕剃。)
He is home. (他在家里衷旅。)
3) 強迫 / 要求 / 慫恿 / 催促……此類動詞 + 賓語 + 不定式短語(作賓語補語),例:
I asked him to write the letter. (我要求他寫這封信纵朋。)
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He told me to finish the work by ten. (他叫我10點鐘以前做完這項工作柿顶。)
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注意:
此類動詞變被動語態(tài)時,仍用不定式短語作補語操软。
例:
He was asked to write the letter. (他被請求寫這封信嘁锯。)
4)使……成為
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主語 + make + 賓語 + 形容詞/名詞(作賓語補語),例:
His teacher made him a good student. (他的老師使他成為好學生聂薪。) ---- --- -------------- The trip made him happy. (這次旅行使他很愉快家乘。) ---- --- -----
<a id="sensation">知覺動詞</a>
此類動詞有三類:
- 看:see、observe(觀察)藏澳、watch(看)仁锯、look at(注視)、notice(注意)
- 聽:hear翔悠、listen to
- 感覺:feel
1)表事實時业崖,用原形動詞作補語,譯成“……了”蓄愁,例:
I saw him dance. (我看見他跳舞了双炕。)
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I heard him sing. (我聽見他唱歌了。)
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2)表進行狀態(tài)時撮抓,用現(xiàn)在分詞作補語妇斤,譯成“……正在……。”站超,例:
I saw him dancing when I walked in. (我進來時荸恕,看見他正在跳舞。)
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As I pushed the door open, I heard him singing. (我推開門時顷编,聽見他正在唱歌戚炫。)
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3)表被動狀態(tài)時,要用過去分詞作補語媳纬,譯成“……被……”双肤,例:
I heard the door closed. (我聽見門被關(guān)起來了。)
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I felt myself lifted. (我感覺到自己被舉起來了钮惠。)
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注意:
以上三種補語變被動語態(tài)時茅糜,除原形動詞要變成不定式短語之外,其余不變素挽。例:
I saw him do it. = He was seen to do it. (我看見他做那件事蔑赘。)
I saw him dancing. = He was seen dancing. (我看見他正在跳舞。)
I saw the dog run over by a car. = The dog was seen run over by a car. (我看見那只狗被車碾過预明。)
<a id="appointment">任命動詞</a>
此類動詞多表“選舉”缩赛、“指派”之意,其賓語之后接表職位的名詞作補語撰糠,通常該名詞之前要省略冠詞酥馍。此類動詞常用的有:
elect(選舉)、assgin(指派)阅酪、appoint(任命)旨袒,例:
We elected him chairman of the committee. (我們選他為委員會主席。)
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The colonel assigned him platoon leader. (上校指派他為排長术辐。)
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<a id="affirmation">認定動詞</a>
此類動詞均表“視……為”之意砚尽,加了賓語之后,用名詞或形容詞作賓語補語辉词。
1)與介詞連用者必孤,例:
We regard/look upon/think of/see/view him as a genius. (我們都把他視為天才。)
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I mistook the long-haired boy for a girl. (我誤將那長發(fā)的男孩視作女孩瑞躺。)
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注意:
一般介詞之后只能用名詞敷搪、代詞或動名詞作賓語。但表“視……為”的動詞與 as 或 for 連用時隘蝎,它們之后除可接名詞外,可直接接形容詞作補語襟企。例:
I regard his behavior as inappropriate. (我認為他的行為不當嘱么。)
2)與 to be 連用者,例:
We consider/deem/think him (to be) a genius. (我們認為他是天才顽悼。)
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We consider/deem/think him (to be) nice. (我們認為他人很好曼振。)
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3) think几迄、believe、find冰评、deem映胁、consider 這五個動詞作不完全及物動詞時,不得直接用不定式短語作賓語甲雅,一定要用形式賓語 it 取代解孙,譯成“認為……是……”
主語 + think/believe/find/deem/consider + it + 賓語補語(n. 或 adj.)+ to V
I find it necessary to do the work. (我發(fā)覺做這件事是有必要的。)
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I believe it worthwhile to study hard. (我相信用功是值得的抛人。)
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注意:
find弛姜、believe、think妖枚、deem廷臼、consider 作不完全及物動詞時,不得直接用 that 引導的名詞性從句作賓語绝页,一定要用形式賓語 it 取代荠商。
<a id="change">轉(zhuǎn)變動詞</a>
此類動詞均表“使……變成……”之意,常用的有 change 與 turn 兩個续誉。通常要與介詞 into 連用莱没。例:
The experience turned/changed him into a good student. (這個經(jīng)歷使他變成好學生了。)
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