睡眠混蔼，影響著我們?nèi)绾闻c社會互動履腋；而我們?nèi)绾闻c周圍的人互動，又影響著我們的睡眠惭嚣。社會生活的互動方面遵湖，包括人際關(guān)系、個人感知和社會壓力等晚吞。人際壓力的構(gòu)建包括了與家人延旧、朋友以及更大的社會世界中的人的廣泛經(jīng)歷。大多數(shù)成年人都有必須獨(dú)立應(yīng)對新的復(fù)雜的社會需求的時候槽地，也因此需要發(fā)展復(fù)雜的社會技能迁沫，如角色（家庭或工作）適應(yīng)和沖突管理(Adams et al., 2016; Przybylski et al., 2013)，這些挑戰(zhàn)會在生活的許多領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生人際關(guān)系壓力捌蚊，可能會對睡眠和心理健康造成影響集畅。
睡眠是一個重要的生物過程，與心理社會過程密切相關(guān)缅糟，人際壓力可能不僅直接影響心理健康結(jié)果牡整，而且通過睡眠不足間接影響心理健康結(jié)果 (Adams et al., 2020)。
壓力暴露（暴露于環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn))溺拱，和壓力反應(yīng)（一個人對挑戰(zhàn)的心理和生理反應(yīng)），已被證明是睡眠質(zhì)量和持續(xù)時間較差的誘發(fā)因素(Harkness & Monroe, 2016)谣辞。睡眠持續(xù)時間反映了一個人的睡眠時間迫摔；而睡眠質(zhì)量反映了連續(xù)性、睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)泥从、白天行為(如午睡)和對一個人睡眠質(zhì)量的主觀感知(Blunden & Galland, 2014)句占。暴露于更有壓力的日常煩惱 (Benham, 2010)和有壓力的生活事件(Drake et al., 2014)，如與伴侶吵架躯嫉、遭受歧視纱烘、或感覺被拒絕等，與睡眠障礙相關(guān)(例如祈餐，主觀睡眠質(zhì)量更差擂啥，失眠風(fēng)險更高)。人際沖突可能與睡眠障礙增加有關(guān)(Brissette & Cohen, 2002)帆阳，晚上無法停止思考是睡眠障礙的一個強(qiáng)有力的預(yù)測因素(?kerstedt et al., 2002)哺壶，當(dāng)人們對壓力源產(chǎn)生沉思時，壓力源會導(dǎo)致長時間的生理激活(Brosschot et al., 2005)。
關(guān)系效能和睡眠
壓力暴露會促進(jìn)壓力反應(yīng)而減少睡眠機(jī)會山宾，相比那些人際關(guān)系能力至扰、敬業(yè)度、與關(guān)系效率較低的人资锰，積極的關(guān)系體驗——關(guān)系效能——在應(yīng)對壓力事件時不太可能暴露和/或經(jīng)歷嚴(yán)重干擾敢课，這有助于提高睡眠質(zhì)量和/或延長睡眠時間 (Huelsnitz et al., 2019)。高關(guān)系效能指的是一個人在關(guān)系中積極的經(jīng)歷和建設(shè)性的參與绷杜；關(guān)系效能低反映了個人在關(guān)系中的消極經(jīng)歷或破壞性投入直秆。人際關(guān)系效能高的人在人際關(guān)系中保持著相互關(guān)心和信任，并在情感上的親密接剩、回應(yīng)切厘、經(jīng)驗分享以及重視于忠誠和誠實(Englund et al., 2011; Labella et al., 2018)。善于解決沖突的人有能力維持并運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的戀愛關(guān)系懊缺，也可能更善于維持與他人的和諧關(guān)系疫稿，因此潛在地降低了生活壓力事件的發(fā)生和破壞的嚴(yán)重程度。
關(guān)系的有效性來自于早期的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷(如親子關(guān)系鹃两、同伴關(guān)系)遗座，并與成人關(guān)系和經(jīng)歷的重要結(jié)果有關(guān)(Huelsnitz et al., 2019)。那些擁有能夠建立和維持高質(zhì)量關(guān)系的特征的人(即具有更高程度的信任俊扳、和諧途蒋、穩(wěn)定等特征的關(guān)系)，可能會感到更大的歸屬感和情感安全感馋记，這可能會促進(jìn)更好的睡眠結(jié)果(Huelsnitz et al., 2019)号坡。
根據(jù)自我決定理論，心理健康和自我調(diào)節(jié)取決于三個基本原則:能力梯醒、個人主動性和與他人的聯(lián)系宽堆。從健康心理學(xué)的預(yù)防角度來看，應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注工作的人際關(guān)系方面壓力茸习，以幫助降低工作的心理成本(Semmer et al., 2010)（可通過問題聚焦型應(yīng)對畜隶，并嵌入情緒聚焦型應(yīng)對）。睡眠是身體和情感健康的一個重要方面号胚，也能在日常生活的社會籽慢、工作和家庭中有效和愉快地發(fā)揮作用。以往的研究指出猫胁，擁有社會支持與多種睡眠結(jié)果相關(guān)箱亿，包括改善睡眠質(zhì)量、減少睡眠被干擾和減少失眠(Kent et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Portela et al., 2015)弃秆。
溫馨提示：處方藥和非處方藥可能與慢性睡眠障礙不匹配极景，識別情境因素察净，如社會支持，可能是對慢性睡眠問題更為適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)(Roth & Roehrsm, 2003)盼樟。我們要理解氢卡，睡眠是一種個人的、日常的晨缴、重復(fù)性的译秦、具有恢復(fù)性的健康行為 (Child et al., 2021)。
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